山西(xi)乘客電梯發生電氣故障怎么找原因？合興永達電梯小編為您解答：

1、程序檢查(cha)法

山西電梯(ti)是按一定程序運行的，每次運行都要經過選層、定向、關門、啟動、運行、換速、平層、開門的循環過程，其中每一步稱作一個工作環節，實現每一個工作環節，都有一個對應的控制電路。程序檢查法就是確認故障具體出現在哪個控制環節上，這樣排除故障的方向變明確了，有針對性對排除故障很重要。這種方法不僅適用于有觸點的電氣控制裝置，也適用于無觸點控制系統，如PC控制系統或單片機控制系統。

2、靜態(tai)電阻測量法(fa)

靜態電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)法變(bian)是(shi)在斷(duan)電情況下，用(yong)萬用(yong)表電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔測量(liang)電路的(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)是(shi)否(fou)正常，因(yin)為一(yi)個(ge)電子(zi)元(yuan)件都是(shi)由(you)一(yi)個(ge)PN結構成(cheng)的(de)，它的(de)正反向電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)是(shi)不同的(de)，一(yi)個(ge)電氣(qi)元(yuan)件也(ye)都有一(yi)定(ding)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)，連接著電氣(qi)元(yuan)件的(de)線路或開(kai)關，電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)不是(shi)等于零(ling)就是(shi)無窮大，因(yin)而(er)測量(liang)他們的(de)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)大小是(shi)否(fou)符合規定(ding)要求變(bian)可以判斷(duan)好壞。檢查一(yi)個(ge)電子(zi)電路有無故(gu)障(zhang)也(ye)可用(yong)這個(ge)方法，而(er)且比(bi)較(jiao)安全。

3、電位測量法(fa)

上(shang)述方(fang)法(fa)無法(fa)確定故障(zhang)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)時，可(ke)在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)(qing)況下測(ce)量各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元(yuan)件(jian)器件(jian)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，因(yin)(yin)為在正(zheng)常工作情(qing)(qing)況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流閉(bi)環電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上(shang)各點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)一定的(de)，所謂各點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)就(jiu)是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路元(yuan)件(jian)上(shang)各個(ge)點(dian)(dian)對(dui)地的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)不同的(de)，而且有一定大小(xiao)的(de)要(yao)求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)從高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)流向低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，順電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)向測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元(yuan)件(jian)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)大小(xiao)應(ying)符合這個(ge)規律，通過用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表測(ce)量控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上(shang)有關點(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)否符合規定值，就(jiu)可(ke)判斷故障(zhang)所在點(dian)(dian)，然(ran)后再判斷是(shi)什么原因(yin)(yin)引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值變化的(de)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不正(zheng)確，還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有斷路，還是(shi)元(yuan)件(jian)損(sun)壞造成的(de)。

4、短路法

控(kong)制環節(jie)電(dian)路都(dou)是由開關或(huo)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)組合而成的。當懷疑某(mou)些觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)有(you)故障(zhang)時，可以用(yong)(yong)導線把(ba)該觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)，此(ci)時通電(dian)若故障(zhang)消(xiao)失，則證(zheng)明(ming)判斷正確，說明(ming)該電(dian)氣(qi)元件(jian)已壞。但是要牢記，當做完故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)試驗(yan)后應(ying)立即拆除短(duan)接(jie)(jie)線，不允許用(yong)(yong)短(duan)接(jie)(jie)線代替開關或(huo)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路法主要用(yong)(yong)來查找電(dian)氣(qi)邏輯關系電(dian)路的斷點(dian)(dian)，當然有(you)時測量電(dian)子電(dian)路故障(zhang)也可用(yong)(yong)此(ci)法。

5、斷路法

控制電(dian)路還可(ke)能出現一些(xie)特殊故障(zhang)，如(ru)電(dian)梯在沒有內選(xuan)或外呼指示時就停層等。這說(shuo)明電(dian)路中某(mou)些(xie)觸(chu)點被短接了(le)，查(cha)找這類故障(zhang)的(de)好辦(ban)法是(shi)斷(duan)路法，就是(shi)把懷疑(yi)產生(sheng)故障(zhang)的(de)觸(chu)點斷(duan)開，如(ru)果(guo)故障(zhang)消失(shi)了(le)，說(shuo)明判(pan)斷(duan)正確(que)，斷(duan)路法主要用于“與”邏輯關系的(de)故障(zhang)點。

6、替代法

根據上述方(fang)法，發現故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)出于某點(dian)或(huo)某塊電路(lu)板(ban)，此時(shi)可把認(ren)為有問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)元(yuan)件(jian)或(huo)電路(lu)板(ban)取下，用新的(de)(de)或(huo)確認(ren)無故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)元(yuan)件(jian)或(huo)電路(lu)板(ban)代(dai)替，如果故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)消失則(ze)認(ren)為判斷正確。反之則(ze)需要(yao)繼續查(cha)找，往(wang)往(wang)維修人員對易損(sun)的(de)(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)或(huo)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)電子板(ban)都(dou)備有備用件(jian)，一旦(dan)有故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)馬上換上一塊就解決了問(wen)(wen)題，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)件(jian)帶回來再(zai)慢慢查(cha)找修復，這也是一種(zhong)快速排(pai)除故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)方(fang)法。

7、經驗(yan)排(pai)除法

為了能夠(gou)做(zuo)到迅速排故(gu)，除了不斷總(zong)結自己的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)經(jing)驗(yan)，還要不斷學習(xi)別人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)經(jing)驗(yan)。電(dian)梯的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障形成是(shi)有一定(ding)規律的(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)用用血汗和教(jiao)訓換來的(de)(de)(de)，我們(men)(men)(men)更應(ying)(ying)重視，這些(xie)經(jing)驗(yan)可(ke)以使我們(men)(men)(men)快速排除故(gu)障，減少事故(gu)和損失。當然(ran)，嚴格來說應(ying)(ying)該(gai)杜(du)絕電(dian)梯事故(gu)，這是(shi)我們(men)(men)(men)維修人(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責。學習(xi)國內外同行維修和排除故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)，可(ke)以提(ti)高電(dian)梯安裝維修人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)水平，提(ti)高電(dian)梯行業的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務質量和信譽(yu)度(du)。

8、電氣系統排(pai)除故障的(de)基本思(si)路

電(dian)氣控(kong)制系統有時故障(zhang)比(bi)較復(fu)雜，目前國內在用(yong)電(dian)梯用(yong)許多采用(yong)微(wei)機控(kong)制，軟硬件(jian)交叉在一起(qi)，遇到故障(zhang)首先(xian)思想不(bu)要(yao)緊張，排(pai)除故障(zhang)時堅持先(xian)易后(hou)難、先(xian)外后(hou)內、綜(zong)合考慮、有所聯想。

山(shan)西電(dian)梯運行中比較多的故障是由開關接點接觸不良引起的，所以判斷故障時應根據故障及控制柜內指示燈顯示的情況，先對外部線路、電源部件進行檢查，即先檢查門觸點、安全回路、交直電源等，只要熟悉電路，順藤摸瓜很快即可解決。

有些故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)不像繼(ji)電(dian)器線路(lu)那么簡(jian)單(dan)直觀，PC電(dian)梯的許多(duo)保護(hu)環節都隱含在它(ta)的軟(ruan)件、硬(ying)件系(xi)統中，其故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)和(he)原因正如結果和(he)條件是嚴格對應的，找故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)有秩序地對他(ta)們之間的關系(xi)進行聯想和(he)預測，逐一排(pai)除疑點(dian)直至故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)完全排(pai)除。